Warning

HW 02 - Image segmentation

Your second homework will be Image segmentation. For this task, we have created our minified version of A2D2 dataset

The homework will be introduced in the labs in the 5th week, we will try to clear any doubts

Dataset

The dataset consists of 3127 training images, 460 testing and 408 validation images. Each image has a resolution of 512×800 and 3 color channels (R, G, B). For each image, there is also a corresponding label image.

Classes mapping is following:

Class ID Class name Color
0 Background & Buildings (128, 128, 128)
1 Car (245, 130, 48)
2 Humans & Bikes (255, 255, 25)
3 Interest (240, 50, 230)
4 Sky (0, 130, 200)
5 Nature (60, 180, 75)

Images are downsized for better viewing

The dataset is available at taylor and cantor servers in directory /local/temporary/vir/hw02. It can also be downloaded here. However, beware, that the training part of the dataset is huge (several GBs). The dataset is available as either images or NumPy files. In image format, labels are specified by colors for easier viewing, in NumPy format, labels are specified by their IDs. NumPy files contain 3 NumPy files

• rgbs.npy - Numpy array of dtype uint8 and shape Nx512x800x3 in range (0, 255)
• labels.npy - Numpy array of dtype uint8 and shape Nx512x800 in range (0, 5)
• filenames.npy - Numpy array of dtype <U8 (eight characters) and shape N. It contains information about which file is at what index.

Data across these three NumPy files are synchronized, i.e. RGB image at index i corresponds to a file with a filename at index i and label at index i.

Design and train a neural network, achieving high mean Intersection over Union (also known as Jaccard Index) on unknown test part of the dataset (which is from the same distribution as training and validation parts of the dataset). The IOU will be computed for each class separately, however, only classes relevant for autonomous driving will be taken into account when computing mIOU. The relevant classes are classes 1, 2, 3 (Car, Humans & Bikes, Interest)

Submission

Submit a Python module/package, that is importable by name hw_2 and has a function load_model(). Function load_model() needs to return an instance of torch.nn.Module (or a subclass) which is

• capable of living either on cpu or GPU. Evaluation will be run on a GPU server.
• capable of accepting a tensor of size [Bx3x512x800] (B is a batch size), dtype torch.float32, ranging from 0 to 1
• returning a tensor of size [Bx6x512x800] with dtype torch.float32, living on the same device as input data. This tensor will represent score for each class for each pixel.

This is the only portion of your code, that will be automatically checked. However, in addition, submit also all other code that you used for the training. This is for us, to be amazed if you achieve an impossibly high score, to know how you did it

When using torch.load, always use map_location=“cpu”. It is the safest option, for the case, when your model will not be able to live on GPU.

In order to participate in the tournament part, your model also has to have non-empty docstring, briefly summarizing your model. We do not want you to spill your secrets, however, the main idea should be evident from the docstring. The only thing checked about docstring is whether it's there and nonempty. It will be visible to other students. Please, do not use diacritics in the docstring

Evaluation takes a long time. Expect the evaluation to take longer than a minute for each submission. Moreover, the submissions to this task are processed serially, so it might happen you will be waiting in a queue. However, if the evaluation is not finished within an hour from your submission, email Otakar Jašek
The file size limit imposed by BRUTE for your uploads is 350 MB. It should be more than enough. This is a hard limit that cannot be bypassed!
The GPU used in the evaluation is actually GPU with ID 7 on the taylor student server. Because of this, it is strictly forbidden to use this GPU during training, as it will negatively impact running time of evaluation for everyone!

Points

The dataset is rather difficult, therefore in order to get any points, you only need mIOU of 50 %. In order to get a full amount of points for the individual part of the assignment, you need mIOU of 60 %. Anything in between will be linearly spaced. The maximum amount of points from the individual part of the assignment is 8. The equation is:

$$pts_{individual} = 8\times\text{clip}(\frac{mIOU - 0.5}{0.6 - 0.5}, 0, 1)$$

Any submission with mIOU over 60 % is eligible for tournament part of the assignment. In the tournament part, maximum achievable points is 4 and anybody, who has a mIOU over 60 % gets some points. The precise equation for calculating the points is $$c = \begin{cases} \text{clip}(\frac{mIOU - 0.6}{\max(mIOU) - 0.6}, 0, 1)& \text{if}\ \max(mIOU) > 0.6\\ 1 & \text{if}\ \max(mIOU) = 0.6 \land \max(mIOU) = mIOU\\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$ $$pts_{tournament} = 4\times \sqrt{c(2 - c)}$$

• Individual part: D + 21 days, 23:59 CET, where D is a day of your tutorial where the homework is introduced (in 5th week)
• Tournament part: 15.11.2019, 23:59 CET

Every 24 hours after the deadline, you will lose 1 point. However, you will not gain a negative number of points, so the minimum is 0.

Take into account, that training a neural network takes some non-trivial time. Do not start working on the homework at the last moments. We recommend allowing at least a full day for work on this homework.

This task is even more resource-intensive than HW01. Beware, training a reasonably good network (with already fixed architecture and hyperparameters) takes at least couple hours.

Because there are two separate deadlines for this task, there are also two homeworks in BRUTE. You need to submit your work to both of them. The evaluation script is the same in both of them. However, in the tournament part, the BRUTE will always report 0 points for Automatic Evaluation and you will only gain points in the tournament. Do not be alarmed of this behavior, it is expected.

For the individual part, you may not use additional training data. For the tournament part, the use of additional data is allowed, however, you must follow couple rules:

• The training of the network will be performed only by you and from scratch. That means, you may not use already pre-trained networks
• The usage of additional training data will be mentioned in the docstring, so that it is clearly visible to everyone. (It also has to be within first 70 characters of the docstring, since we truncate longer docstrings)
• The source of the additional data has to be specified in the comments in your code. This will be read only by the teachers. We want to know, what data you used to obtain such a great score, however, it is not necessary to put it in the docstring for everyone else to see.

Code templates

Simplest submitted code (that won't achieve any points) can be along these lines. We strongly recommend submitting substantially more work

import torch

class Model(torch.nn.Module):
'''This is my super cool, but super dumb module'''

def __init__(self, num_classes=6):
super().__init__()
self.num_classes = num_classes

def forward(self, x):
shape = x.shape

return Model()

Code along these lines is used for evaluation in BRUTE. Feel free to use it.

#!/usr/bin/env python

import argparse
import os
import os.path as osp

import numpy as np
import scipy.sparse
import torch
import torch.utils.data as tdata
from PIL import Image

import hw_2

# Constants for drawing
BORDER = 10
COLORS_CLAZZ = (
np.array(
(
(128, 128, 128, 100),
(245, 130, 48, 100),
(255, 255, 25, 100),
(240, 50, 230, 100),
(0, 130, 200, 100),
(60, 180, 75, 100),
)
)
/ 255
)

COLORS_OK = np.array(((255, 0, 0, 100), (0, 255, 0, 100))) / 255

CLAZZ = ['Background & Buildings', 'Car', 'Humans & Bikes', 'Interest', 'Sky', 'Nature']
WEIGHTS = np.array([0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0])
NUM_CLAZZ = len(CLAZZ)

class Dataset(tdata.Dataset):
def __init__(self, rgb_file, label_file):
super().__init__()
self.rgbs = np.load(rgb_file, mmap_mode='r')  # mmap is way faster for these large data
self.labels = np.load(label_file, mmap_mode='r')  # mmap is way faster for these large data

def __len__(self):
return self.rgbs.shape[0]

def __getitem__(self, i):
return {
'labels': np.asarray(self.labels[i]).astype('i8'),  # torch wants labels to be of type LongTensor, in order to compute losses
'rgbs': np.asarray(self.rgbs[i]).astype('f4').transpose((2, 0, 1)) / 255,
'key': i,  # for saving of the data
# due to mmap, it is necessary to wrap your data in np.asarray. It does not add almost any overhead as it does not copy anything
}

def blend_img(background, overlay_rgba, gamma=2.2):
alpha = overlay_rgba[:, :, 3]
over_corr = np.float_power(overlay_rgba[:, :, :3], gamma)
bg_corr = np.float_power(background, gamma)
return np.float_power(over_corr * alpha[..., None] + (1 - alpha)[..., None] * bg_corr, 1 / gamma)  # dark magic
# partially taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing#Composing_alpha_blending_with_gamma_correction

def create_vis(rgb, label, prediction):
if rgb.shape[0] == 3:
rgb = rgb.transpose(1, 2, 0)
if len(prediction.shape) == 3:
prediction = np.argmax(prediction, 0)

h, w, _ = rgb.shape

gt_map = blend_img(rgb, COLORS_CLAZZ[label])  # we can index colors, wohoo!
pred_map = blend_img(rgb, COLORS_CLAZZ[prediction])
ok_map = blend_img(rgb, COLORS_OK[(label == prediction).astype('u1')])  # but we cannot do it by boolean, otherwise it won't work
canvas = np.ones((h * 2 + BORDER, w * 2 + BORDER, 3))
canvas[:h, :w] = rgb
canvas[:h, -w:] = gt_map
canvas[-h:, :w] = pred_map
canvas[-h:, -w:] = ok_map

canvas = (np.clip(canvas, 0, 1) * 255).astype('u1')
return Image.fromarray(canvas)

class Metrics:
def __init__(self, num_classes, weights=None, clazz_names=None):
self.num_classes = num_classes
self.cm = np.zeros((num_classes, num_classes), 'u8')  # confusion matrix
self.tps = np.zeros(num_classes, dtype='u8')  # true positives
self.fps = np.zeros(num_classes, dtype='u8')  # false positives
self.fns = np.zeros(num_classes, dtype='u8')  # false negatives
self.weights = weights if weights is not None else np.ones(num_classes)  # Weights of each class for mean IOU
self.clazz_names = clazz_names if clazz_names is not None else np.arange(num_classes)  # for nicer printing

def update(self, labels, predictions, verbose=True):
labels = labels.cpu().numpy()
predictions = predictions.cpu().numpy()

predictions = np.argmax(predictions, 1)  # first dimension are probabilities/scores

tmp_cm = scipy.sparse.coo_matrix(
(np.ones(np.prod(labels.shape), 'u8'), (labels.flatten(), predictions.flatten())), shape=(self.num_classes, self.num_classes)
).toarray()  # Fastest possible way to create confusion matrix. Speed is the necessity here, even then it takes quite too much

tps = np.diag(tmp_cm)
fps = tmp_cm.sum(1) - tps
fns = tmp_cm.sum(0) - tps
self.cm += tmp_cm
self.tps += tps
self.fps += fps
self.fns += fns

precisions, recalls, ious, weights, miou = self._compute_stats(tps, fps, fns)

if verbose:
self._print_stats(tmp_cm, precisions, recalls, ious, weights, miou)

def _compute_stats(self, tps, fps, fns):
with np.errstate(all='ignore'):  # any division could be by zero, we don't really care about these errors, we know about these
precisions = tps / (tps + fps)
recalls = tps / (tps + fns)
ious = tps / (tps + fps + fns)
weights = np.copy(self.weights)
weights[np.isnan(ious)] = 0
miou = np.ma.average(ious, weights=weights)
return precisions, recalls, ious, weights, miou

def _print_stats(self, cm, precisions, recalls, ious, weights, miou):
print('Confusion matrix:')
print(cm)
print('\n---\n')
for c in range(self.num_classes):
print(
f'Class: {str(self.clazz_names[c]):20s}\t'
f'Precision: {precisions[c]:.3f}\t'
f'Recall {recalls[c]:.3f}\t'
f'IOU: {ious[c]:.3f}\t'
f'mIOU weight: {weights[c]:.1f}'
)
print(f'Mean IOU: {miou}')
print('\n---\n')

def print_final(self):
precisions, recalls, ious, weights, miou = self._compute_stats(self.tps, self.fps, self.fns)
self._print_stats(self.cm, precisions, recalls, ious, weights, miou)

def reset(self):
self.cm = np.zeros((self.num_classes, self.num_classes), 'u8')
self.tps = np.zeros(self.num_classes, dtype='u8')
self.fps = np.zeros(self.num_classes, dtype='u8')
self.fns = np.zeros(self.num_classes, dtype='u8')

def evaluate(model, metrics, dataset, device, batch_size=8, verbose=True, create_imgs=False, save_dir='.'):
model = model.eval().to(device)

data = batch['rgbs'].to(device)

predictions = model(data)
metrics.update(batch['labels'], predictions, verbose)
if create_imgs:
for j, img_id in enumerate(batch['key']):
img = create_vis(data[j].cpu().numpy(), batch['labels'][j].numpy(), predictions[j].cpu().numpy())
os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True)
img.save(osp.join(save_dir, f'{img_id:04d}.png'))
print(f'Processed {i+1:02d}th batch')

metrics.print_final()
return metrics

def prepare(args, model=None):
dataset = Dataset(args.dataset_rgbs, args.dataset_labels)
if model is None:
metrics = Metrics(NUM_CLAZZ, WEIGHTS, CLAZZ)
return model, metrics, dataset

def run(args):
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
model, metrics, dataset = prepare(args)
evaluate(model, metrics, dataset, device, args.batch_size, args.verbose, args.create_imgs, args.store_dir)

def parse_args():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('Evaluation demo for HW02')
parser.add_argument('dataset_rgbs', help='NPY file, where dataset RGB data is stored')
parser.add_argument('dataset_labels', help='NPY file, where dataset labels are stored')
'-ci', '--create_imgs', default=False, action='store_true', help='Whether to create images. Warning! It will take significantly longer!'
)
parser.add_argument('-sd', '--store_dir', default='.', help='Where to store images. Only valid, if create_imgs is set to True')
parser.add_argument('-bs', '--batch_size', default=8, type=int, help='Batch size')
parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', default=False, action='store_true', help='Whether to print stats of each minibatch')

return parser.parse_args()

def main():
args = parse_args()
print(args)
run(args)

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()