====== Exam questions and literature ======
===== GENERAL INFO =====

   * The exam has a written and an oral part.
   * Max. 40 pts.
   * To successfully pass the exam, you are required to gain **at least 20 points**. To advance to the oral part of the exam, you need at least **10 points from the written test**.

<note important>For the exam, **it is usually not enough to go through the lecture slides** - often, the material assigned to be studied at home from literature is also tested.</note>
===== EXAM DATES =====
 ... are listed in [[https://www.kos.cvut.cz/|KOS]].

===== QUESTIONS =====

  *  Rasterization of 2D objects (MPG chap. 3)
      *  Rasterization of lines, circles and arcs
      *  Filling and hatching polygons
      *  Clipping lines and polygons
  *  Colors (MPG chap. 1, 4.1)
      *  Color perception, three-component color representation, comparison functions, XYZ space
      *  Color spaces and models
  *  Raster image formats, raster image compression (MPG chap. 2.5-2.7)
  *  OPTIONAL: Color dithering, working with the palette (MPG chap. 4.1)
  *  Projections (MPG chap. 9)
  *  Visibility (MPG chap. 11)
  *  Shading methods and algorithms (MPG chap. 10.7)
  *  Casting shadows (MPG chap. 12)
  *  Texturing (MPG chap. 13)
  *  3D scene modeling, B-representation, CSG, volume representation (MPG chap. 6, 14.1)
  *  Global illumination (MPG chap. 10.1-10.6, 15.1-15.5, 15.9, 15.10)
      *  Direct and indirect illumination, global illumination effects
      *  Radiometric and photometric quantities (flux, irradiance, radiosity, radiant intensity, radiance)
      *  Reflection of light on a surface, BRDF
      *  Rendering equation - angular and area formulation
      *  Radiosity, relation to rendering equation
      *  Ray tracing, relation to rendering equation
      *  Stochastic ray tracing, area light sources
  *  OPTIONAL: HDRI (sources: <del>[[https://cent.felk.cvut.cz/courses/APG/PDF/11-Cadik-hdri.pdf|prezentace]]</del>, MPG chap. 4.2)
      *  Acquisition of HDR images
      *  HDR formats for images and video
      *  HDR displays
      *  HVS (Human Visual System) - adaptation, range of perceived luminance, scotopic and photopic vision, Purkinje effect
      *  Tone mapping
      *  Global vs. local tone mapping operators, time-dependent operators
      *  Reaction to strong light sources - glare

<note>MPG = Žára et al.: Modern Computer Graphics ([[http://www.cgg.cvut.cz/ModerniPocitacovaGrafika/|Moderní počítačová grafika]]), Computer Press, 2005</note>

===== State exam topics related to the APG course =====
Raster graphic. 3D objects and 3D scenes, transformations. Visibility, local illumination
methods, shading and shadows. Radiometry, global illumination methods, texturing.

  * Raster graphics. Line drawing algorithms: DDA, Bresenham Algorithm. Filling algorithms: Polygon filling, Raster seed-based algorithms. Clipping lines and polygons.
  * 3D object representations: boundary and volumetric representations, mesh representation (geometrical and topological data and their efficient encoding), representing a 3D scene using scene graph.
  * Transformations: representing transformations (matrices, quaternions), composing transformations, applying transformations, associated computational costs.
  * Visibility algorithms: z-buffer algorithm (principle, properties, issues), painter’s algorithm, BSP tree ordering, ray casting and its comparison to z-buffer.
  * Illumination methods: radiometry (radiometric quantities, their units and relations), reflectance equation, BRDF, BRDF models (Phong, Cook Torrance), rendering equation, Whitted ray tracing, path tracing, radiosity.
  * Shadow computation algorithms: ray cast shadows, the shadow map algorithm.
  * Texturing: principles of texture mapping, uv maps, texture types (material textures, bump maps, normal maps, alpha masks), MIP mapping.